What is Social Psychology - 1827 Words

Essay Title: Social Psychology Social psychology is a broad concept which has underlying elements of studying on how we behave, foresee and feel. Myers (2011) agrees that social psychologist investigates these connections by studying on how we persuade others and how we relate to other humans. Miller (2004) stated that majority of social psychologist would acknowledge that the perspective of social psychology is one that emphasises the social changes in the environment from the influence of individual. Kassin, Fein and Markus (2013) argues that humans are really fascinated about social interaction and personal relationships, which the social context can have an immense influence on our lives. Furthermore, social psychology†¦show more content†¦Slee, Campbell, Spears(2012) stated that Charles Darwin developed a significant evidence of observing the connections between animals and human species; by investigating and analysing children, therefore he got an better understanding on social impact of human behaviour. Naturalistic observation is valuable technique utilised as research method which are commonly employed by psychologist and social scientist. Naturalistic observations were used by Charles Darwin during his research on chimpanzee; nonetheless, Charles Darwin was so fascinated by observing how primates and humans are acting in similar ways and having influence to another. Gomez( 2006)argues naturalistic observations of primates show that how certain objects is intrinsic part of primate lives, from simple food collecting process as taking certain organic fruits. Naturalistic observations can be very useful to observe on why people engage in extreme sports in few different settings, which is all about social psychology, because people that engage in different extreme sports have been influenced by others or want to be perceived in certain way in a society; which can stem from peer pressure and wanting to preoccupy their leisure times to enjoy themselves through adrenaline and risk taking sports. Some people would prearrange toShow MoreRelatedWhat ´s Social Psychology? Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesSocial psychology is a scientific-based study which is used to examine and explain how an individual’s thoughts and feelings affect their behaviour within a society; how the members socially interact, including their motives; and what influences these members have on each other. This essay will endeavour to introduce the key psychologists, their theories and the idiographic research they conducted. In particular, it will focus on the features and definition of conformity and the investigationsRead MoreWhat Can Social Psychology Teach Us About What Happened At Abu Ghraib? Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesWhat can social psychology teach us about what happened at Abu Ghraib? By Mandy Stead During the Iraq war that between 2003 and 2006, the united states army committed a series of human rights violations against prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison near Bagdad. The violations included murder, sexual and physical abuse, rape, torturer, sodomy, humiliating and dehumanizing prisoners. In 2004 the abuse that was carried out was exposed by the publication of images that were taken by the soldiers that carriedRead MoreWhat Does A Social Psychology Research Tell Us About Factors That Enhance Or Deter Attraction?788 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Topic What does recent social psychology research tell us about factors that enhance or deter attraction to others? Are people predictable on any of these contributing factors? Are there attraction factors that are universally the same? Explain. Are their differences in friend attraction and romantic attraction? Why? How does attraction differ by age and/or gender? Provide examples. Are these individual and/or linked to the cultural context? What does the empirical literature tell us aboutRead MoreThe Study of Human Behavior in Given Situations1613 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology is a social science study that covers diverse subject topics and carries out different forms of research in order to understand the development and function of human beings. It is a scientific study that focuses on peoples mind and its functions especially those affecting behavior in a particular context. Psychology is divided into different branches, and each branch addresses its own form of content in relation to mental processes and behavior. Social psychology is one of the psychologyRead MoreSocial Psychology : An Individual1117 Words   |  5 Pagesmeaning of social psychology will be introduced. The differences and similarities social psychology shares with certain fields of psychology will be clarified throughout this essay. Specific subjects such as attitudes, group behaviors, and other related sources will be cited throughout this essay. Some of the research methods used in social psychology to determine how individuals affect groups or how groups affect an individual will be discussed in this essay. Keywords: group behaviors, social cognitionRead MoreSocial Psychology And Multiculturalism1644 Words   |  7 Pages Psychology has become an integrated part of our real life. Psychology affects life under different theories and identifications. For example, social psychology and multiculturalism work together to create the social change people aspire to. However, social psychology, according to Jahoda (2016), cannot explain the link between the social behavior and the social norms of the society and culture. Hence, social psychology could be a challenge when a person tries other cultures. Furthermore, there areRead MoreSocial Psychology Definition Paper1122 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Psychology Definition Paper Sinthia Brye PSY/ 400 August 30, 2010 Joyce Willis Social Psychology Introduction Social psychology it observes as the influence of our situations with special attention on how we view and affect one another. Social psychology perceives the way we think, influence people, and relates to others. Social psychology lies at psychology’s boundary with sociology, which sociology is the study of people in groups and societies? Social psychology isRead MoreSocial Psychology Psy 400757 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Psychology Dawn S. Peck PSY 400 12/22/2014 David Brueshoff Social Psychology What is Social Psychology all about? Why is the study of it so important? Is there truly a purpose and benefit from the findings of the studies? Let’s look at each of these questions, break them down, and try to make sense of it all. Simply defined, Social Psychology is the scientific study of individual attitude and how it effects or influences others in a social context. It is helpfulRead MoreSocial Psychology : Psychological Psychology1658 Words   |  7 Pagesask what is social psychology, what shapes our attitudes, what do they do, and what is the income of a social psychologist? Social psychology is important because people have gone through depression and anxiety. A social psychology can help one recover from the inside pain. Social psychology is a discipline that uses scientific methods to explain how the brain works, feelings and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings. Social psychologyRead MoreSocial Psychology And Multiculturalism1714 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Psychology has become an integrated part of our real life. Psychology affects life under different theories and identifications. For example, social psychology and multiculturalism work together to create the social change people aspire to. However, social psychology, according to Jahoda (2016), cannot explain the link between the social behavior and the social norms of the society and culture. Hence, social psychology could be a challenge when a person tries other cultures. Furthermore

Principles of Physics of Gymnastics - 963 Words

There is no doubt that gymnastics is an intense sport involving grace, strength, flexibility and power. The sport is a combination of dance and acrobatics and involves immense physical and mental power over one’s body. Gymnasts execute the most unnatural body positions as they flip and twist through the air. These tricks combine creativity with the laws of physics. Sports-writer Tommy Deas explains, â€Å"Gymnastics may seem to defy gravity and the laws of the universe as they tumble and spin through the air, but they are actually relying on the principles of physics to perform their feats† (Deas). Spectators are memorized and amazed by theses seemingly impossible skills, however, from a physicist’s perspective; gymnastics can be broken down from a few simple principles of physics. There are many different ways for a gymnast to perform a vault. One of the simplest vaults is a front hand spring. All vaults begin with the sequence of a strong run which increases ac celeration and momentum, a hurdle onto the springboard, and a transition from the board to the vault. To continue with a front handspring the gymnast will pass through a handstand position on the vault, and then push off the vault though their shoulders and landing feet first on a mat (Gymnastic Corner). Through this sequence, a vault can be broken up into four parts: run, spring board, pre-flight, and post-flight. Each of the sections represents different principles of physics. Some of these principles areShow MoreRelatedThe Sport Of Modern Gymnastics1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe sport of gymnastics has its origins in early Greek civilization where physical fitness was a very important characteristic. Gymnastics was extremely popular among the men and women of Greece as it was one of the main activities for individuals to attain his or her physical prowess. Gymnastics was more of a leisure activity for the Greeks, but not until the rise of the Roman Empire did it become more of a formal sport. The sport remained popular in the Roman Empire, but when the empire fellRead MoreThe University Of Surrey1202 Words   |  5 PagesEvening Classes comprised of a portion of the accompanying; Mechanical Engineering and Building, Electrical Engineering, Chemical and different Trades, Physics and Natural Science, Maths, Languages, and Commercial subjects, Music. Exceptional classes for Women in Domestic Economy subjects. Day Classes in Art, Science, Women s subjects and Gymnastics. Classes in readiness for University and Professional In 1956, the Institute was among the first to get the assignment School of Advanced TechnologyRead MoreThree Ethical Approaches2794 Words   |  12 Pageson moral obligations. Fundamental binding principles should govern an individual or firm’s behavior under any circumstance. The two main sources of such principles are religions and Kantian ethics. Religions  have rules attributed to revelation from God or advice handed down from religious leaders. Religions have different rules about what believers should eat or do on certain holy days, but many base their general guides to action Many Religious Principles Make Good Consequential Social Sense Judeo-Christian  Read MoreThe Father of Medicine, Hippocrates, Changed the Perception of Medicine1633 Words   |  7 PagesHot and moist correlated with blood. Winter, Water, Hot and Dry correlated with yellow bile. Hippocrates thought that an imbalance in the humors resulted in disease. He borrowed this idea from the Greek philosopher Empedocles (490-430 B.C.) the principle of the four elements in nature: earth, air, fire, water, and added to it the four fluids (humors) of man: phlegm, blood, yellow bile, and black bile, to produce a pattern that was believed to hold an explanation for disease. For example, winterRead MorePythagoras: a Universe Made of Numbers2284 Words   |  10 Pagesthis paper is an attempt to collect together the most reliable sources to reconstruct an account of Pythagorass meta-physic, epistemology, and ethics, but first, in order to understand Pythagoras more fully, a brief journey into his life will be dealt with first. Pythagoras was born in 580 B.C. to a more than wealthy family. He received the finest formal education in gymnastics, music, mathematics, and natural sciences and was taught to think and see the world as a scientist. He traveled widelyRead MoreMemoirs of a Student in Manila by Jose Rizal2061 Words   |  9 PagesSpanish, at the end of a short time, succeeded already to write it moderately well. His name was Francisco de Paula Sanchez. With his aid I studied mathematics, rhetoric, and Greek with some advantage. Often I got sick with fever despite the gymnastic exercises that we had, in which I was very much behind, though not so in drawing under a teacher worthy of his name and under whose guidance I still continue to study. I’m proud to tell you, reader, that I spent this year better than anybody elseRead MorePhysics in Daily Life13985 Words   |  56 PagesSEC Syllabus (2012): Physics SEC SYLLABUS (2012) PHYSICS SEC 24 SYLLABUS 1 SEC Syllabus (2012): Physics Physics SEC 24 Syllabus Introduction Available in September (Paper I and Paper IIB only) Paper 1 (2 hrs) + Paper 2 (2 hrs) + laboratory reports Course Objectives As a result of following a course in Physics, candidates should acquire: Knowledge and understanding recall facts and ideas; show an understanding of facts, terminology, principles and concepts; use units correctly; demonstrateRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Children s Music3319 Words   |  14 Pagesonly be nurtured to develop their sensibilities to their maximum capacity. Given strong musical experience in children’s early years, all children are thus capable of further musical rows through instrumental study. I would teach children music, physics, and philosophy; but most importantly music, for in the patterns of music and all the arts are the keys of learning Plato Program Description Several reasons are advanced for using pre instrumental instruments before children start instrumentalRead MorePhilosophical Basis of Education6031 Words   |  25 Pagesseen from the fact that the great philosphers of all times have also been great educators and their philosophy is reflected in their educational systems. This inter-dependence can be better understood by analysing the implications of philosophical principles in the field of education. Before analysing the educational implications of general philosophy, we should know the concept of Philosophy and Education. 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AMD Case Final Free Essays

string(118) " style specifications to MAD visual experience will require in person demonstrations done by retail sales associates\." Finally, MAD needs to switch the consumer’s fixation from specifications such as GHz and KGB, to visual experience. Although Llano is already delayed, it will be ready by mid-201 1 . The next selling cycle, right after mid-2011 , is the Back – to – School season. We will write a custom essay sample on AMD Case Final or any similar topic only for you Order Now This means that waiting until mid-2011 is not necessarily a bad thing. Intel already rushed out a CHIP+SPIN processor called Sandbagging in order to be the first to market, and in doing so produced a mediocre product. According to analysts, â€Å"Intel GAP technology is a generation behind its CPU technology and cannot Offer a outing-edge graphics experience. Unlike Intel, Mad’s strength is in dedicated Spies, due to the acquisition of AT I. Therefore, MAD can release a more complete CHIP+SPLIT processor, aka APP, in time for the Back-to-School season. Usually incentives are negotiated prior to each selling cycle: Back-to- School, Holiday season, and Spring. MAD can offer incentives to retail stores such as Best Buy, H. H. Gregg and Office Depot prior to the Back-to-School season. The incentives would benefit the retailers because they would be paid an extra 5-10 dollars per PC sold, that contains one of Mad’s chips. MAD would also benefit from giving retail incentives by getting more exposure on prominent displays, promotional merchandise available at the retail stores, PC’s with MAD chips featured in ad circulars, and MAD would have access to sales associates for training purposes in return for the incentive. MAD specifically should have a combination of merchandising and training because studies show that when merchandising and training are combined, the VISION brand is better communicated and recommended to customers via retail sales associates. For example, when comparing VISION awareness, Merchandising Alone scored 88%, whereas Merchandising + Training scored 97%. For VISION recommendation, Merchandising Alone scored 46%, whereas Merchandising + Training scored 69%. The Fusion product line consists of one high end product called Llano that was suitable for high-performance desktops and laptops, one mid-tier product called Acetate suitable for low-end notebooks, and one low-end product called Ontario mainly used for notebooks. Acetate and Ontario were also referred to as Bravos. The reason why we choose to launch Llano first, and not Bravos, is because the VISION rand needs to be associated with quality processors and reasonable prices in comparison to Intel. We assume that if MAD launches Bravos first, the VISION brand will run the risk of being miscommunication as a low-end, weak processor and thus MIS-positioned in consumers’ minds, due to a negative first impression. In the past, MAD lacked the ability to court high-end markets, and VISION’s Llano is an attempt to break into high-end markets which will give MAD an opportunity for larger profit margins and market share gains in PC’s. Odessa said, â€Å"Internal projections forecasted that Llano, which would cover all mainstream and high-end products, would account for 70% of Fusion APP sales and that Acetate and Ontario would account for 30%†. Looking back at Mad’s history with Intel, the companies seem to always have a response to one another, or a way to get back at each other. Whether it is by launching a better product, price-cutting, acquisitions, or rushing products to the market, they usually respond within a year or two. For instance, when Intel’s Titanium failed because it could not service 32-bit software, MAD developed the Petrol, which could service both 64-bit and 32-bit software hush creating success for MAD. Part of its success was due to the fact that users did not have to buy new software packages for the processor, unlike Titanium which required new software and proved to be costly. We would rather have the Llano be like a repeat of the Petrol in comparison to Intel’s Sandbagging. This means that even though Intel went to market first with a CPU+SPIN processor, MAD can release a better APP about six months later, which is a relatively quick retaliation to Intel when compared to their history. In order to not make the same mistake that Titanium did, we recommend MAD ark with content and software makers before launching Llano. Another important characteristic about Llano is that it needs to be able to function with both 64-bit and 32-bit programs. The plan is to release Llano with only a few major necessary software applications and programs optimized for 64- bit, so that the Llano APP can be fully experienced by users. As mentioned in the case, â€Å"the lead time for optimizing applications was typically a yea’. Releasing Llano with only a few optimized programs allows Llano to roll out in mid-2011. Also, the idea is that developers can create optimized software ever time, much like how Google Chromate was released with a few notable APS and has gained more over time. Some programs we would optimize are: Direct 1 1, Directorates, Photo and video editing APS, Adobe Acrobat. A large number of optimized programs and applications will come after Llano’s debut. MAD should be concerned with improving relationships with Memos by not forcing the Memos to exclusively use MAD processors and logos, unlike Intel, which according to management â€Å"used its dominant position to dictate terms to Memos or threaten not to work with them if they did not use Intel chips exclusively†. By not imposing on Memos, MAD opens itself to being used by companies such as Apple, which prefers not to put other brands on its devices. MAD should continue following its new branding strategy VISION, which focuses on how the computer is used and not on how fast the computer can calculate excel spreadsheets. If we make the experience matter most, the VISION campaign has done its job. † Currently the conversation between salespeople and consumers revolves around hardware specifications, but MAD wants the conversation to be about what the computer can do. MAD should define its CPU and JPG in simple terms that re straightforward, unlike Intel which is very tech nical. Communicating the change from Intel style specifications to MAD visual experience will require in person demonstrations done by retail sales associates. You read "AMD Case Final" in category "Papers" Retail sales associates will carry out blind tests for consumers by showing shoppers two computers side by side, one with an Intel Sandbagging processor and the other with an MAD Fusion processor. Customers will then choose which computers they feel have the better graphics and visuals, from the demonstrations of the Intel vs.. MAD blind test. Another way to communicate to consumers that MAD APP processors are better, not only for use of Excel but also for visuals, is to show them an experience comparison with the competitor; in this case it is Intel. The VISION Experience Comparison would be signage that translates industry standard specification lingo; it would show that Intel’s processor is equal to choppy, fixated gamely, whereas Amid APP is equal to vivid, clean, smooth game play. The VISION Experience Comparisons would be displayed on the retailer’s shelf, where the specifications are typically shown for each computer. The VISION Experience Comparisons would only be splayed for computers that contain MAD Pap’s. Strategy #1 Add Apes for new form factors such as smoothness and tablets to the Fusion product line. Create relationships and incentive Memos to use the smartened and tablet APES. Rationale #1 The Fusion line currently consists of three different processors: Llano, Acetate, and Ontario. Each processor in the Fusion line is geared toward a certain type of PC. For example, Llano is for powerful desktops and laptops, whereas Acetate is for low-end notebooks. Ontario is for notebooks. The Fusion line up competes with Intel’s ‘Core’ product line nicely. One area of concern is new form factors, such as tablets and smoothness. Currently, Intel is selling the Atom for tablets and smoothness. MAD should include an APP that can service these tablets and smoothness, as well. Looking at the competitive landscape, one can see that tablets and smoothness are under great demand from consumers. Apple’s phone has had major success since 2007 and pads, which were recently released in April 201 0, have shown strong sales. MAD has the ability and should position itself in the tablet and smartened markets as a graphically strong PAPAL maker. It is in Mad’s best interest to become an industry standard for smoothness and tablets. MAD can do this by creating good relationships with manufacturers through flexible deals. For example, MAD will not require Apple to show MAD labels or logos on its products. Also, MAD will strive to have better prices than Intel. In addition, since some of the smartened Memos are also the same companies that create PC’s, MAD can offer bundles. For example, if the same MEMO uses MAD processors in both desktops and smoothness, MAD could Offer a larger discount on advertising or products. Strategy #2 Keep Mad’s VISION marketing strategy, but include a marketing campaign using various media to better portray the VISION marketing strategy. In addition, improve retail and Memos relationship with MAD, to further increase sales. Rationale #2 Mad’s new branding strategy for the introduction of the integrated CHIP/ SPIN, VISION, focuses on consumers’ experience, visuals, and graphics instead of concentrating on the specifications, speed, and numbers a computer may have. The MAD PC purchasing study showed, â€Å"consumers want a simple, straight forward way to compare and choose computers†, which indicates hat most consumers are more concerned with â€Å"what the computer does, over what is inside Of it†. An example Off circular ad featuring VISION is provided in the case; however, it only shows specifications on the MAD processor found inside the Notebooks, completely omitting the message of the VISION strategy. The idea is to provide customers with the most important specifications and also integrate the message, ‘the experience matters most†. For the Fusion processor, customers would want to experience HAD quality video online gaming, enhanced video and photo viewing, high performance photo editing, and AD gaming. This would be a more social, recreational use for a computer or notebook. The new Vision marketing strategy would include a marketing campaign that involves an initiative to change the consumer message throughout various types of media. The campaign will communicate to consumers that MAD APP processors are better, not only for use of Excel, but also for visuals. The ads in the campaign will show consumers a direct comparison with the competitor, in this case Intel. The campaign will be called the VISION Experience Comparison. The VISION Experience Comparison itself would include ads hat show translations of industry standard specification lingo. For example, the ads will demonstrate that Intel’s processor is equal to choppy, fixated gamely, whereas Mad’s APP is equal to vivid, clean, smooth game play. The campaign will be in use two months before each Computer selling cycle. For instance, VISION Experience Comparison commercials will be displayed most heavily two months before the Back-to-School cycle, in order to generate demand. Marketing strategy is important, but relationships with retailers and Memos are also crucial in order for MAD to deliver its new APP processor to ND-users. Intel has the lead on MAD when it comes to MEMO relationships; Intel goes as far as using threats as one of its partnership strategies by making Memos deal exclusively with them. MAD needs to use a non- threatening strategic partnership; make deals with Memos by not forcing them to place Mad’s VISION logo on its devices. For example, â€Å"Apple hasn’t allowed Intel to place a logo on its computers and the company has the most market share for notebooks over $1000†. This means that MAD has the opportunity to make a business deal with a top tier computer brand like Apple. This is cause MAD will not threaten to not cooperate with Apple, in case Apple does not wish to display MAD logos on its devices. MAD should partner with leading Memos such as Hewlett-Packard and Dell Inc. , which have the lead in sales over Leno and Acre as seen on Exhibit 4 of the case. By introducing incentives, MAD could make itself more appealing to Memos. As mentioned in the case, â€Å"MAD can offer Memos 75% refund on full price of all print ads if Memos use the VISION brand†. Instead of reimbursing HP 3-5% of the purchase price of the chip, MAD could raise the percentage to 10%, making the deal appear more appealing to Memos. How to cite AMD Case Final, Papers

Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research - Free Samples

Questions: To detect how epistemology as well as ontology can have an effect on research programs? Identifying how positive accounting research could be used in fulfilling different scientific objective? To evaluate particular paradigm proposed by Kuhn with adequate theories and experiments? Answers: Introduction: The study critically evaluate the article half a defence of positive accounting research, which is been presented by Paul V Dunmore. The study mainly evaluates the article, research questions, and theoretical structure by depicting all the relevant limitations and significance of the article. The overall structure comprises of critical evaluation of the article, which is been presented by Paul V Dunmore. The overall article mainly provides details about positive accounting and the impacts of human behaviour in the accounting background. In addition, the article also evaluates the statistical hypothesis testing and provide adequate rational. Moreover, the article uses Poppers fabrication criterion for evaluating different theories related to positive accounting. Furthermore, the study also evaluates ontology and epistemology of the research program. Moreover, the article also indicates the different challenges, which is faced by theoretical models, which examined under hypothesis testing. The paper mainly provides detailed assumption, why accounting theories should be evaluated based on qualitative data rather than illustrations observations. Summary of the article: The article many aims to identify the positive approach associated with accounting research with the help of ontology and epistemology. In this context, Ball (2013) stated that accounting approach is linked with intellectual property, which could be evaluated by using cause-effect relationship. Moreover, the article has mainly used different theories, which help in identifying the deficiencies in positive accounting. After the overall analysis, it could be understood that there are certain loopholes in accounting research, which reduces its ability to accomplish scientific goals. Besides, the study also evaluates different human behaviour in an organisation, which is faced by direct interactions with different personal, while making decisions. In addition the article also states that both epistemology and ontology is able to detect the deficiencies associated with positive accounting is research. These deficiencies mainly reduce ability of positive accounting to make adequate contrib utions in the accounting sphere. The article also evaluates the intellectual enquiries, which is used for deriving the falsified hypothesis testing (Beattie 2014). Moreover, the article mainly identifies hypothesis testing as the scientific approach, which does not accommodate understanding of specific phenomena in accounting theory. Furthermore, the article explains why ontology and epistemology is used for reducing the falsification, which is presented by hypothesis testing. The use of qualitative positive research mainly allows accommodation of certain accounting phenomenons in the theory. In addition, it also helps in examining different theories and reducing the weaknesses, which was previously presented by statistical hypothesis testing. Furthermore, the article mainly suggests using qualitative positive research for evaluating the final project in positive accounting theory. On the other hand, Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer (2014) mainly argued that statistical tool are only useful when numerical valuation needs to be evaluated, while it loses its friction on theoretical evaluation. However, some of the researchers mentioned that use of hypothesis testing allows an error free evaluation of theories, which could be used for future referencing. The researcher in the article mainly depicts the Poopers criterion, which many states that induction is not sufficient to measure viability of particular theories. Moreover, the article also states that positive accounting theory is based on four testing classes error measurement, internal effects, external effect, and inefficiency of relativity theory. Thus, the researcher depicted in the article that untrustworthy observations could not be used in identifying viability of the theories (Bhaskar 2013). This mainly indicated that observations with falsifying evidence must be discarded based on case report of opposing theories. Poopers criterion mainly stated that the use of adequate trustworthy observations theory could be developed to support positive accounting research. Lastly, the article mainly focuses in dissecting the weaknesses and logic of using statistical tools such as hypothesis testing. The article also states that out of 20 articles one single test was always rejected due to non-compliance with the 5% significance level. Furthermore, the article also depicts the reason for failure of hypothesis testing, which uses null hypothesis on deriving supplementary assumptions. The article also stated that after removing the technical failures in hypothesis testing it could still not help in increasing success probability, as it is a statistical tool, which does not understand certain phenomenal activities (Blankespoor et al. 2013). Thus, the article states that a better measurement theory should be developed to undergo rigorous testing of theoretical models for improving the accounting sphere. However the research questions that is been used in the article is mainly used to examine the following points. To identify the extent positive accounting could help in achieving scientific objectives To evaluate whether positive accounting theory has a much broader notion than positive research program To Pinpoint weather aspects of ontology as well as epistemology can have any impact on particular search program Analysing the impact of Kuhns illustrations, which help in identifying the the ability of positive accounting for attaining its potential. Theoretical Framework: Three are some theoretical framework, which are depicted in the article; this theatrical framework is mainly designed from objectives of the research. Illustration of positive research in accounting: This self interest among parties is the outcome of accounting phenomena, which expresses different contracts in an organisation these phenomena is mainly used for improving financial of company. The positive research in accounting mainly provides different choices, which are conducted by managers in an organisation. This also helps in choosing the adequate accounting practices, which might help managers to undertake relevant pricing and reporting decisions. In this context, Bonin (2013) mainly stated that investors mainly use all the relevant information, which are provided to them for making any investment decisions. This mainly states that behaviour of an individual is rational, while there is no evidence of any types of games occurring in positive accounting. Furthermore, after examining various resources conducted on accounting theory it could be understood that sufficient techniques is used by auditing professionals. Thus, the article depicts the evidence pertaining positive research is broader and bigger than theory of positive accounting. The article effectively states that scientific accountingresearch aims in obtaining an overview of the nature and reasons of phenomenal accounting (Cervone and Pervin 2015). Scientific epistemology and ontology: Both the concept of epistemology and ontology is been depicted in the article, epistemology is mainly identified as an approach, which helps in obtaining an insight of the world, while ontology only aims in depicting the relation between answering the question . Just with the help of epistemology and ontology over issues which is faced by accounting phenomena could be evaluated. The use of epistemology mainly helps in understanding the experience of individuals and descriptions of the participants. However, it is not possible to observers to quantify the world prospective of experience or individuals (Chen et al. 2013). The main issue, which has been identified, is exploration of meaning in experience regarding positive research. In addition, issue of identifying the exact meaning and experience with the visuals is futile, as everyone has their own will that might lead to causes, which does not consent scientific studies (Crawford and Lepine 2013). Identification of an adequate program related to positive result: The article mainly states that adequate model needs to be repaired, which could be used as a rigorous testing tool for identifying and analysing the variable measurements in accounting sphere. This model could mainly help in testing and developing theoretical models, which could help in shifting from traceability to plausibility. The researcher has mainly identified the need for an effective testing tool, which might help in linking relevant theories and reduce the hindrance unavailability of sufficient resources. In this context, Dalton (2013) mentioned that development in the accounting period could mainly help in improving the current accounting measures and reduce any unethical conduct of an organisation. The development of an effective testing tool could mainly allow the theories and models to be tested rigorously, which might help in approving viability of the accounting sphere. Significance and Limitations of the article: The article mainly allows the reader to understand and acknowledge of positive accounting as a broader respective and concept. In addition, the article also helps in developing an intellectual research project, which could understand the cause and effect relationship (Smith et al. 2015). The study indicates that positive research program is a much wider and broader concept than positive accounting theory. The study also allows in understanding that both economics and accounting could be evaluated based on scientific research programs. However, the use of hypothesis testing is strictly argued in the article, as itdoes not provide adequate research outcome according to accounting theory. The article also states that gaining knowledge regarding accounting could be suitable for supporting the positive accounting research. Francis, Hasan and Wu (2013) mentioned that improvement in accounting concept could eventually help in reducing the unethical practices, which are conducted by companie s. The article mainly helps in panning out the gap between current practices of positive accounting theories.In addition, it also states that there is some absence of system optimisation, which needs to be rectified for improving rational insight of scientific research. The article many states that there is need of more adequate and prominent theoretical models, which are more reliable in nature and support the accounting approach. The researcher in the study also stated and proved that positive accounting theory could only be quantified by using qualitative models (Henderson et al. 2015). However, there are some limitations to the article, which mainly reduces viability of the study for improving positive accounting approach. The article mainly ignores the need for awareness of human behaviour in context of accounting, as it does not help in improving the accounting approach. Secondly, the article also lacks in gathering the adequate data from various sources, which could have been used in supporting or arguing the significance of positive accounting theory. The lacks of secondary and primary research has mainly reduced the overall viability of the article and depict the need for positive accounting research (Miller and Power 2013). Furthermore, rational that was provided by researcherregarding falsification of hypothesis testing is very weak. However, the article is not able to identify all the relevant gaps between actual practice of positive accounting research and the intellectual program in the study. Yet another drawback of the research is that it identifies sci entific project as slow, which might not help in improving the positive accounting research. Lastly, it could be understood that the article does not provide any justification or contributes any methods, which could be used in completing the scientific projects faster. In this context, Pearlin and Bierman (2013) argued that limitations mainly allow new researchers for improving the accounting concept and nullify any remaining limitations. Conclusion: The overall study has been evaluated both epistemology and ontology, as the aspect of positive accounting research. The study also states that different models, which has been developed is must not be tested by using the hypothesis-testing tool. With the help of this study, overall loopholes could be identified in accounting theory, which has been hampering the accounting practices. The article mainly stated and recommended that new theoretical models should be formulated for detailed testing on accounting variables. Furthermore, better analytical and measurement tool needs to be developed, which could help in analysing the accounting theories. Moreover,the article also stated that behaviour of human beings are rational, which cannot be accommodate by positive accounting theory. The article specifically stated that positive accounting programs should be prioritisedfor using qualitative aspects of accounting. This could mainly help in predicting adequate future performance of organisa tion. Thus, it could be understood that slight modification and positive accounting needs to be conducted for minimising the organisation errors which are presented by the accounting theory. Reference: Ball, R., 2013. 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